使用Nginx+FFMPEG搭建HLS直播转码服务器
目的:使Nginx支持Rtmp协议推流，并支持hls分发功能及FFMPEG转码多码率功能。
一、准备工作
模块:nginx-rtmp-module-master(支持rtmp协议)
下载地址:
http://nginx.org
https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module
1、安装依赖包:
#yum -y install gcc glibc glibc-devel make nasm pkgconfig lib-devel openssl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel libtool mhash.x86_64 perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64 gcc-c++
2、安装Git工具:
#mkdir soft-source
#cd soft-source
#wget http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/git-snapshots/git/git-latest.tar.gz
#tar xzvf git-latest.tar.gz
#cd git-2013-02-04
#autoconf
#./configure
#make && make install
# git --version
git version 1.8.1.GIT
#cd ..
【错误处理】
如果 git-latest.tar.gz大小为0，请下载git-latest-tar.xz
然后xz -d git-latest.tar.xz解压为.tar
再tar xvf git-latest.tar
3、安装ffmpeg及其依赖包：
++++++++Yasm+++++++++++
#wget http://www.tortall.NET/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
#tar xzvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
#cd yasm-1.2.0
#./configure
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++x264+++++++++++
#git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264
#cd x264
#./configure --enable-shared
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++LAME+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.sourceforge.Net/project/lame/lame/3.99/lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
#tar xzvf lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
#cd lame-3.99.5
#./configure --enable-nasm
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++libogg+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz
#tar xzvf libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz
#cd libogg-1.3.0
#./configure
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++libvorbis+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.3.tar.gz
#tar xzvf libvorbis-1.3.3.tar.gz
#cd libvorbis-1.3.3
#./configure
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++libvpx+++++++++++
#git clone http://git.chromium.org/webm/libvpx.git
#cd libvpx
#./configure --enable-shared
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++FAAD2+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/faac/faad2-src/faad2-2.7/faad2-2.7.tar.gz
#tar zxvf faad2-2.7.tar.gz
#cd faad2-2.7
#./configure
#make
#make install
#cd ..
++++++++FAAC+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/faac/faac-src/faac-1.28/faac-1.28.tar.gz
#tar zxvf faac-1.28.tar.gz
#cd faac-1.28
#./configure
#make
#make install
#cd ..
【错误处理】
编译FAAC-1.28时遇到错误：
mpeg4ip.h:126: error: new declaration ‘char* strcasestr(const char*, const char*)’
解决方法：
从123行开始修改此文件mpeg4ip.h，到129行结束。
修改前：
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
修改后：
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C++" {
#endif
const char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
++++++++Xvid+++++++++++
#wget http://downloads.xvid.org/downloads/xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
#tar zxvf xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
#cd xvidcore/build/generic
#./configure
#make
#make install
cd ../../../
++++++++ffmpeg+++++++++++
#git clone git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg
#cd ffmpeg
#./configure --prefix=/opt/ffmpeg/ --enable-version3 --enable-libvpx --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-nonfree --enable-avfilter --enable-pthreads
#make && make install
#cd ..
【错误处理】
如果提示libvpx decoder version must be >=0.91，请从Baidu搜索一下libvpx-v1.1.0.tar.bz下载。
bzip2 -d libvpx-v1.1.0.tar.bz2
tar xvf libvpx-v1.1.0.tar.bz2
cd libvpx-v1.1.0
./configure --enable-shared --enable-vp8
make
make install
修改/etc/ld.so.conf如下:
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/lib
/lib64
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/lib64
/opt/ffmpeg/lib
#ldconfig
【说明】
动态装入器找到共享库要依靠两个文件 — /etc/ld.so.conf 和 /etc/ld.so.cache。
安装完成后，ffmpeg位于/opt/ffmpeg/bin目录下。
二、安装Nginx相关模块
1.环境准备
yum install –y pcre pcre-devel
yum install –y zlib zlib-devel
2.下载nginx及rtmp模块
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar xzvf nginx_1.6.2.tar.gz
git clone git://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module.git
3.编译nginx-rtmp
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module --with-http_stub_status_module
make
make install
安装完成后，nginx位于/usr/local/nginx/sbin目录下，配置文件nginx.conf在/usr/local/nginx/conf目录下
++++++++测试nginx是否安装正确+++++++++++
#cd /usr/local/nginx
#./sbin/nginx -c ./conf/nginx.conf
打开网页http://localhost，如果显示Welcome表示安装下正确，如果没有显示，请查看一下nginx的日志。
++++++++测试RTMP+++++++++++
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的内容如下：
#debug
daemon off;
master_process off;
error_log ./error.log debug;
events{
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp{
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
#live
application myapp {
live on;
}
}
从网上下载一款RTMP推流工具，我使用的OBS（Open Broadcaster Software），开始推流rtmp://your_ip/myapp/test，使用播放器（http://www.cutv.com/demo/live_test.swf）查看是否正常。
++++++++测试HLS切片功能+++++++++++
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的内容如下：
#debug
daemon off;
master_process off;
error_log ./error.log debug;
events{
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp{
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
#live
application myapp {
live on;
hls on;
hls_path /tmp/hls;
hls_fragment 2s;
hls_playlist_length 6s;
}
}
}
#HTTP
http{
server {
listen 80;
#welcome
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#hls
location /hls {
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegusr m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
root /tmp;
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
}
}
}
使用VLC或iPAD上的播放器进行查看 http://yourip/hls/test.m3u8。
++++++++测试FFMPEG转码功能+++++++++++
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的内容如下：
#debug
daemon off;
master_process off;
error_log ./error.log debug;
events{
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp{
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
#live
application myapp {
live on;
exec /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg -i rtmp://localhost/myapp/$name
-c:a copy -c:v libx264 -b:v 512K -g 30 -f flv rtmp://localhost/hls/$name_low;
}
application hls {
live on;
hls on;
hls_path /tmp/hls;
hls_nested on;
hls_fragment 2s;
hls_playlist_length 6s;
hls_variant _hi BANDWIDTH=640000;
}
}
}
#HTTP
http{
server {
listen 80;
#welcome
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#hls
location /hls {
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegusr m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
root /tmp;
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
}
}
}
使用ffmpeg转码时，
exec /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg -i rtmp://localhost/myapp/$name
-c:a copy -c:v libx264 -b:v 512K -g 30 -f flv rtmp://localhost/hls/$name_low;
仅对视频进行转码，音频不做处理，同时向流从myapp转推到hls， hls_variant会生成一个多码率的m3u8文件，同时把切片文件存放到test_low目录下，访问多码率时，直接访问http://yourip/hls/test.m3u8，根据这个m3u8中的实现的内容访问相应的码流，在本例中，实际码流URL为http://yourip/hls/test_low/index.m3u8
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